Sample Exam 2

QRN = trobled by static ; QRO = increase power ; QRP = decrease power ; QRQ = send faster. If a question send “?” after the Q-code.

QSY = change frequency; QSV = send series of Vs; QSP = relay a msg; QSO = Contact, I can contact with ... or Can you contact ?

AS = wait or standby ; VA = SK = end of work ; K = invitation to transmitt ; KA = starting signal ( when you send a long message); These abbreviations are used only with Morse (CW) and there will be no space between two letters; Example :- AS = di dah di di dit, not like di dah di di dit

:- K = invitation to any station to transmit ; AR = end of transmission ; VA = SK = end of communication; KN = invitation to a particular station to transmit. These are only for CW (Morse)

1st Charactor ( a letter) = Type of modulation of the main carrier; 2nd Charactor ( a number) = Nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier; 3rd Charactor ( a letter) = Type of information to be transmitted.

While you are pressing the PTT, you can’t hear the other person. There must be an indication when you press the PTT or release. When you start transmitting, First say other person’s callsign and then your callsign, after finishing your turn again you must say other person’s callsign, then your call sign and relese the PTT. Some other systems other than amateur radio use different types Example: “over”, “goahead”

QRX = standby or call again at....; QRV = Ready; QRU = I have nothing for you, any thing for me?; QRZ = who is calling me, you are being by ....; For a question send “?” after the Q-code.

If the callsign of the licence holder is 4S7XX, when he is operating from a ship callsign should be 4S7XX/MM; There are no suffix like MM/1, MM/2, MM/3

Some operators use another or their own phonetic alphabet, but it is always better to use the inernational standard phonetic alphabet. A standard is used so that everyone uses the same alphabet. Under difficult conditions a standard alphabet will be better understood and even by people who do not have the same level of fluency in a language, if all use a standard phonetic alphabet. It might also be a good idea on your way to becoming a good operator to brush up your pronunciation of the Phonetic Alphabet and even numerals Eg: some operators is some countries pronounce G=Golf as Go-lof or Golphuuu.

Some operators use another or their own phonetic alphabet, but it is always better to use the inernational standard phonetic alphabet. It makes you a better operator , respected by fellow users of the spectrum and also provides correct learning for SWLs

KA starting signal (when send a long message) ; BK = breaking signal (for interup the transmission); K = invitation to transmitt; P = prifix fof a private radio-telegram; ( P and BK not use in amateur radio)

Exact frequency = QRG; Tone of my transmission = QRI, (T1....T9); Does my frequency vary? = QRH?; Readability of my transmission = QRK, (R1...R5); If it is a question, send “?” after the Q-code.

QSY = change frequency; QSB = fading; QRT = stop transmitting; If a question, send “?” after the Q-code.

AS = standby (wait) ; AR = end of message; SK = VA = end of work. These are use only with CW (Morse)

RST-code : Readability-R:- 1-unreadable, 2-Barely readable, 3-readable with considerable difficulty, 4-readable with practically no difficulty, 5-perfectly readable; Signal Strength-S:- 1-Faint, 2-very weak, 3-weak, 4-fair, 5-fairly good, 6-good, 7-moderatly strong, 8-strong, 9-extremely strong; Tone-T:- 1-extremly rough, 2-very rough a.c., no trace of musically, 3-rough low pitched a.c., slightly musical, 4-rough a.c., moderatly musical, 5-musically modulated, 6-modulated slight trace of whistle, 7-near d.c. note smooth ripple, 8-good d.c. note, 9-purest d.c. note.

For signal strength there is a scale S1 to S9

A radio amateur is allowed to listen only to amateur transmissions and nothing of a restricted nature like maritime, aircraft and the like. In the early days of broadcasting even to listen to broadcasts a licnesse was issues “ A listenres License” which has since been abolished. If you happen to hear a non broadcast, copying, recording and passing to a third party of such information is still a criminal act.

J3E = SSB suppressed carrier, voice transmission ; for SSB full carrier, first charactor should be H ; for DSB, first charactor should be A ; for FM first charactor should be F.

Are you busy? = QRL?; Troubled by ststic = QRN; Interfered with other stations = QRM; Are you ready? = QRV? When you ask a question, send “ ? “ after the Q-code.

The regulations state that your log book should be a bound book and pages numbered. If you print your own log sheets on a computer make sure you bind them into a book where pages don’t fly out and they should be numbered and pages should never be torn off leaving gaps in numbering. That is an offense.

A3E = DSB ,analog info, telephony (voice ); J3E = SSB supperss carrier, analog info, telephony ( voice); H3E = SSB with full carrier,analog info, telephony ( voice) ; F3E = FM,analog info, telephony ( voice transmission)

Religious , Political and business type messages are prohibited to pass through Amateur Radio. The Amateur Radio License is not a substitute for a telephone. Religious and political discussions are best made in private, as we say at “Eyeball level”. Your views could offend and also disturb others and even be a public nusance and cause disorder. An amatuer license is granted for experimental purposes and is not a license to run a Broadcasting Station.

:- Following data entry in the log book is compalsory :- 1. initial calls (CQ calls).; 2. Date and time in UTC; 3. Callsign; 4. Frequency band; 5. Type of emmision; 6 Signal reports; The following information are not compalsory, If possible you can enter under Remarks coloumn:- Name, QTH, Wx, TX power, Test carriedout ect.

:- QSD = Keying defective (mutilated) ; QSA = Signal strength (S1....S9); QSB = Fading; QSL = acknowledge . If you ask a question, send “?” after the Q-code ; Example:- QSD ? = Is my keying defective?

The maximum duration permitted by regulatons for a single transmission is 10 minutes. Callsign should be transmitted once in every 5 minutes. Avoid long transmissions because your signal might fade out and you will be talking to thin air!!. In a round table of 3 or more people especially on a DX contact such long overs will rob the others of their turn because by then propagation would have changed or one person or more in the group might be in a hurry to leave.

QRT = stop sending; QRS = send slowly; QSV = send series of Vs; QSY = change Frequency; When you ask a question, send “ ? “ after the Q-code.

:- If you use a headphone with metal strap, It is dangerous because there is a posibility to get a leakage current through your head resuling in serious injury and in lighter vein becoming a Lunatic.!

A2B = DSB, AM, Telegraphy, automatic reception; A1A = DSB, CW, telegraphy oral reception; A1B = DSB, CW, telegraphy automatic reception; A2A = DSB, AM, telegraphy aural reception.

VA = end of work; AR = end of message ; C = yes ; WA = word after (not use in amateyr radio)

A3E = DSB ,analog info, telephony (voice ); J3E = SSB supperss carrier, analog info, telephony ( voice); H3E = SSB with full carrier,analog info, telephony ( voice) ; F3E = FM,analog info, telephony ( voice transmission)

G3E = Phase modulation, analog info, telephoney; For FM, first charactor should be F : For DSB, first charactor should be A ; For SSB first charactor should be H or R or J.

QRO = increase power; QRP = decrease power; QRQ = send faster; QRS = send slowly. When ask a question send “?” after the Q-code. Example QRO ?

Transmissions made from your main station and any temporary locans have to be entered into a log book.

QSL = aclnowledge ; QSB = fading ; QSD = keying defecting ; QSP = relay a msg. ; If a question send “?” after the Q-code.